النساء
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا 1 وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَمْوَالِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا 2 وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا 3 وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً ۚ فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن شَيْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَّرِيئًا 4 وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا 5 وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُم مِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا ۚ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ ۖ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا 6
SOME INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
Before we proceed on the commentary, we think it necessary to give our esteemed reader a few notes about this chapter (4) which is named after the WOMEN. A- The chapter of WOMEN is the second one in the length of words and sentences. (THE COW IS THE LONGEST IN QURÄN). It revealed in Medina, and consists of 176 verses. B- It is named the chapter of WOMEN, for dealing with various LAWS, commandments and discussion about the women, such as their family rights, marriage ties, and their inheritance rules. C- Broadly speaking, different discussions of the chapter can be summerised as follows: 1- Calling to faith, justice, and cutting the ties of friendship with stern enemies. 2- Advanture stories of old for giving lessons to Muslims. 3) Supporting the needies, such as the orphans. 4- the LAW of inheritance based on justice and nature. 5- The law of marriage and guarding general modesty and chastity. 6- Introducing the enemies of the Islamic Society, and giving some warnings to Muslims. 7- Islamic government and obeying the leadership. 8- The importance of emigration and cases wherein it necessitates. CAMPAIGNING AGAINST UNJUST DISTINCTIONS
(VERSE NO. 1)
It begins with addressing the whole mankind, calling them to piety and avoiding evil deeds: ``O, people! Beware of your Lord who created you from a single person.'' The Arabic `NAFS' translated here to person, may mean; soul, self, person, but here it implies the first man, that we know him by the name of ADAM, who was the first father of man. Then the verse continues with saying: ``From him, God created his mate.'' This does not mean that Eve, who was Adam's mate, was created from a part of Adam's body, as it is mentioned clearly in the Biblical story of creation of Eve from the rib of Adam. Hazrat Imam SadiQ (AS) has seriously refuted that view, and has said that: ``Eve was created after Adam and from the remainder of the material and soil from which her husband was created.'' In other word, the verse implies that man and woman are created from the same soil and material: ``And from the couple He scattered so many men and women.'' This phrase of the verse implies that all men and women are the offspring of Adam and Eve, and nothing else has interfered or affected their creation. Then to put an stress upon piety and God-fearing, once again the verse repeats: ``Beware of Allah! Fear of your Lord! and take care of your duties to Him, that He is ever watching over you.'' After that the verse applies to the ties of relationship and family: And also beware of cutting the joint of family and untying the ties of relationship.'' And this is a mark that observation of bonds of relationship is one of the most important principles enjoined by the Glorious Qurän. As we mentioned above, all men and women are the offspring of Adam and Eve, and nothing else has interfered or affected the creation of men and women. If so; there is the question of the marriage of Adam's children. When it is unlawful for sister to marry her brother, what has happened then? And who has been the children's mates? There are two answers to be considered here: 1) In emergency cases, unlawfuls can temporally be considered lawful such as the flesh of swine which is declared unlawful, but if one's life is endangered by starvation and want of food, he may serve to save. So was the emergency case with Adam's children, and they could marry each other for their especial case. 2) According to some Islamic traditions, ADAM, has not been the frist man that has appeared upon the earth. Scientific researches show that man has been living on the globe for several millions of years, while the history of Adam and Eve goes back to a few thousands! Therefore we have to admit that before Adam and Eve there must have been mankind and other human generation living here, and Adam's children could have been married with these pre-human beings. In other word, Adam was not the first human being that was created on the earth. He rather was the first God's elect and apostle, chosen from among those semi-wild human generation that the earth was inhabited by them. And therefore Adam must have been the first civilized, godly man, inspired and given social and religious law and regulations. HOW DID ADAM'S CHILDREN MARRY?